U-352 sank while the majority of the crew was able to escape. The outer hull is gone at the bow, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. The wreck site of U-85 now rests in about 110 feet (34 m) of water 14 miles (23 km) east of Oregon Inlet along the Outer Banks. Their exploration was featured on the History Channel special, Titanic's Final Moments - Missing Pieces. U-654 was able to sink one vessel in this convoy, while Greger fired at least three torpedoes with no hits. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. Today, the U-352 is one of North Carolina's signature wreck sites. Roper illuminated the U-boat with its searchlight and observed men on deck near the gun whose firing arc had just been cleared by the course change. Contact Us Error loading comments 56,701 views 0 faves Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U-352 had the least eventful operational career. We visit this site on average 2-3 times per week, so come check it out and become a part of history with us! Posted by: dozmataz_buckshank Date: October 14, 2016 05:31PM. Those charged were Heinz Eck, August Hoffmann, Walter Weisspfennig, Hans Richard Lenz and Wolfgang Schwender. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. [10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low. Significance: U- 352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. To view additional site plans click here. SAS imagery of the Black Point showing that the hull, including the bow, of the ship is largely intact and rests upside down on the seafloor. The U-853, which had earlier in the war fought off an attack from two British Swordfish torpedo bombers and had recently sunk the American patrol craft the PE-56, was now lurking in Rhode Island Sound. Short video about the wreck of the German U-boat, U-85 sunk off North Carolina during World War Two. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. And with its 88-mm gun pointed toward the surface, U-85 looks like its still looking for Allied vessels to sink. German submarine U-85 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Nine crew members were lost. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . To learn more about the proposal, click here. U-85 was the third Type VII-B built at Flender Werke in Lbeck and was attached to the Third Flotilla from June 1941 until the time of loss on April 14, 1942. Just off coastal North Carolina, the remnants of many of these ships are scattered on the ocean floor. Believing that U-boats operated in packs, as they did in other regions, Roper did not want to take the chance of being sunk by an additional U-boat. May 2 1944, U-852 beached on Cape Gardefui after attack by RAF aircraft. For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. Icarus left the area for approximately an hour to await instructions on how to proceed. U.S. Department of Commerce, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Mapping Rhode Islands Historic Submarines, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. U-352 closed for an attack. On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. The survivors were taken to Charleston, South Carolina, as prisoners of war. The first divers to visit the wreck were deployed from the USS Penguin (ASR-12) in the hours immediately after the submarine sank. Rathke attempted to carry out at least one attack, but depth charges kept him from being successful. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. 59 Besatzungsmitglieder, darunter der Kommandant, konnten sich an den Strand retten. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolf pack operating there. Kapitn Leutnant Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. Despite claiming they were "only following orders", the boat's second-in-command, August Hoffmann, and Walter Weisspfennig, the ship's doctor (who was condemned for using a weapon in contravention of the Geneva Convention) were also given the death penalty. The following day, Greger surfaced U-85 intending on conducting repairs and resuming his patrol. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards. The crew of the Roper manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns, but as German sailors attempted to man their guns, they came under heavy fire from the Roper. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone, The Bad Girls of Nazi Germany: Jenny Wanda, Becker, Elisabeth a Stutthof concentration. This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. Eck was forced to run aground on a coral reef (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983Coordinates: 932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983) about 20km (12mi) from shore. In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. The defense presented that the LI had objected to the actions of his CO and the seaman was simply following orders. Hutton. Their suspicions were confirmed when the crew witnessed the track of a torpedo narrowly missing them. Did they finally blow it up and leave the wreckage behind? The dramatic end to U-852. His commander-in-training patrol was aboard the famous U-124, commanded by his classmate Johann Mohr, from 28 October 1942 to 21 February 1943. However, the Roper was closing in on U-85, and the crew now suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. The Black Point was a 337-foot steel collier built in 1917 by the New York Shipbuilding Company in Camden, New Jersey. There youll also find a 3D model of U-85, a photomosaic, a video, site plan, and dive slate. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck, pleaded operational justification during the trial. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. However, the sinking of the Peleus had created a large debris field containing survivors in rafts and clinging to wreckage. Rathke moved into position twice, each time firing a torpedo from the bow, but each missed. U-852 Update. (Photo: NOAA), The forward torpedo tubes located on the wreck of U-85. She was 55 feet in the beam and rated at 5,353 tons. Heinz-Wilhelm Eck was born in Hamburg on March 27 1916, and was raised in Berlin. Even with the dive briefing fresh in your mind, seeing the U-352 materialize off the bottom, sitting with a 45-degree list to starboard, is an amazing sight. Two weeks later the U-852 sank the British cargo ship Dahomian off Cape Town on 1 April. There are tidbits of useful info for us in locating the wreck, such as the sand, the ladder to climb the cliffs, the destruction of large bow and stern sections and the (hopefully exaggerated) 200m to the shore line (100m measured on google maps for . This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration They spent several weeks at sea, which were largely uneventful. The remains of the World War II German submarine U-853 and the American merchant ship/collier, Black Point, lie in Rhode Island Sound, about 6.25 nautical miles apart. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1944, "Heinz-Wilhelm Eck: Siegerjustiz and the Peleus Affair", "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 19411942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-852&oldid=1147548307, World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean, Military history of British Somaliland during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) surfaced, 57nmi (106km; 66mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 17:36. The U-853 participated in three patrols during the war. Mohr, age 26, was killed when U-124was sunk with all hands on 2 April 1943 west of Oporto, Portugal. In fact, he was still in Rhode Island Sound when the U.S. frigate Moberly (PF-63) and destroyer escorts Amick (DE168) and Atherton (DE-168) commenced the hunt for the submarine 90 minutes after the Black Point sank. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640m). Learn more about U-85 and other World War II shipwrecks off the North Carolina coast here. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. The Only War Criminal. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. At the end of February, the vessel retuned empty handed to St. Nazaire. The B-52 crashed upon takeoff after the aircraft's crew saw birds flying at roughly the same height as the airplane's wings, followed by the sensation of a series of "thuds" on the B-52's right side. Also, on the site, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic documentation. On the following day, Greger found a ship sailing alone, British freighter Empire Fusilier, which he fired upon and successfully sank. Read about one of the most interesting events of the U-boat of WWII when Heinz-Wilhelm Eck of U-852 ordered the wreck of the torpedoed merchant Peleus destroyed with machine-gun fire. Either way, as the Black Point came into range off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at 5:40 pm on May 5, Frmsdorf fired a torpedo that upon impact blew away about 40 feet of the merchant ships stern. With orders to patrol off the coast of the United States, the U-boat reached New Jersey and, on April 10, found its first target. The information listed on this site is to be used as a reference and is only our opinion/suggestion. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. She sank 38 ships totaling 217,751 tons, including 14. (All photos: NOAA), Schools of fish swarm U-85s conning tower with its attack periscope housing still intact. Shown here is the wreck of the Type IXD 2 submarine U-852 off the coast of British Somaliland (Somalia) in May 1944 after being scuttled by her skipper Kapitanleutnant Heinz Eck. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. [1] She had a total length of 66.50m (218ft 2in), a pressure hull length of 48.80m (160ft 1in), a beam of 6.20m (20ft 4in), a height of 9.50m (31ft 2in), and a draught of 4.74m (15ft 7in). A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of the conning tower. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. It may not display this or other websites correctly. They then returned to the site and collected 33 survivors, one of which died aboard the Icarus shortly thereafter. California 94041. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. By then, there were no survivors among the 29 bodies floating in life jackets. U-85 Type VIIB U-boat by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary on Sketchfab. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. Abrams, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-352, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Tamaulipas, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-701, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: W.E. Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. [1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100km; 10,000mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). She was sunk in April 1942 by the US destroyer Roper. This month we visit the U-85. Shortly before Rathke fired his torpedoes, Icarus got a sonar contact. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. The visibility and water temperature vary widely depending on the dynamic, shifting currents. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Divers approaching the U-352's conning tower. He sent out five depth charges from the Y-gun, which damaged U-352 so badly they decided to play dead and lay still on the bottom, hoping to go unnoticed. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. (Photo: Joe Hoyt, NOAA), Today, U-85 offers habitat to an abundance of marine life, including these oceanic triggerfish. German submarine U-852 was a Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. The Freden crew drifted in their lifeboats all night. The U-85 is a very rare Type VIIB U-boat, one of only 24 built, and was the only Type VIIB U-boat lost off the U.S. East Coast during the war. Following repairs, U-85 transferred from St. Nazaire to Lorient on October 11. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commanders order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Although her commander, Charles E. Prior took a coastal route, not considering threats from German U-boats to be particularly severe. Nearby vessels and shore stations witnessed the attack and raised the alarm. At 1800 on March 21, 1942, with a brass band on the pier, with a blooded crew, a confident captain and a well-tried ship, U-85 set out once more for Amerika. Wreck Site Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U- 352 had the least eventful operational career. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Hans Richard Lenz was released already after 8 months and Wolfgang Schwender condemned to 15 years was released after 6 years in prison. This month, well visit Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. Die Sprengung war jedoch nur zum Teil erfolgreich. She also carried a 4.1-inch deck gun and two anti-aircraft guns. With all the survivors dead, the U-852 sailed away. During this time, Roper believed it had another sonar contact and not wanting to take any chances of another possible U-boat, Roper rode right through the mass of sailors in the water and dropped an additional 11 depth charges. Despite frequent disturbance as a popular dive site, the wreck retains archaeological integrity and to this day remains an important and poignant war grave. direct the Secretary of Commerce (as delegated to NMFS) to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical . As the U-boat began to sink at the stern, Ropers crew watched the German sailors jump into the water and beg to be rescued. [5] The British also discovered the Fa 330 Bachstelze rotor kite, a towed one-man aerial observation platform.[1]. This commission helps us to maintain and improve the forum for the benefit of our users. However, the British tribunal rejected his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Read about one of the most interesting events of the U-boat of WWII when Heinz-Wilhelm Eck of U-852 ordered the wreck of the torpedoed merchant Peleus destroyed with machine-gun fire. Roper raked U-85 with machine gun fire and scored a hit with a 3"/50 caliber gun. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . The drumbeat of the U-boats had grown louder through February and March. High-resolution mapping of the site shows the vessel lying keel up on the ocean floor with the bow pointing to the northeast. She had two shafts and two 1.23m (4ft) propellers. By this time, the United States had entered the war and Germany quickly brought U-boats to the East Coast of the United States. The U-853 was one of the last German U-boats sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic and the last to be destroyed on the East Coast of the United States. If so, are there still some parts of U-852 near Somalias coast, that can be found? They confirmed the pressure hull had been breached and that the bodies of many of the 55 deceased German submariners were still on board the stricken vessel. U-852 (wreck) 832 km; Military Base 1210 km; Camp Khanjar 1330 km; Military Drone Airbase 1688 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 1732 km; Al Sulayyil ballistic missile base 1785 km; Mandar al Dhibiyan 1962 km; Masirah Island 2295 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 2312 km; Indian Island 2320 km The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. Today, the submarine lies on the ocean floor almost within sight of the former Newport Torpedo Station which helped develop and test the underwater technology used to destroy it. U-852. After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. Abrams. 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