/Contents [109 0 R 110 0 R] << This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. endobj Add lock-up latch between the two clock domains. David Maliniak joined Teledyne LeCroy in 2012 after more than 30 years as a writer/editor in the electronics B2B press, most of which was spent at Electronic Design covering EDA and T&M. The table above is only a subset of commands you can issue to the DRAM. << 13K views 2 years ago PolarFire FPGA Microchip's DDR-PHY is an integral part of the PolarFIre FPGA and Polarfire SOC memory subsystem. 48 0 obj It is typically a step that is performed before Read Centering and Write Centering. >> Figure 2: BankGroup & Bank (Source: Micron Datasheet) To READ from memory you provide an address and to WRITE to it you additionally provide data. DDR PHY The TCI DDR PHY is a high-performance, scalable system using a radically new architecture that continuously and auto-matically adjusts each pin individually, correcting skew within byte lanes. So, for a x4 device number of bits is 1K x 4 = 4K bits (or 512B). Or you could choose to have 2 individual 8Gb discrete devices soldered down on the PCB (because 2x8Gb devices happen to be cheaper than 1x16Gb). Take a little time to carefully read what each IO does, especially the dual-function address inputs. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Rotate 90 << Differential clock inputs. To understand what ZQ calibration does and why it is required, we need to first look at the circuit behind each DQ pin. /Kids [6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> Here's a super-simplified version of what the controller does. Avalon CSR Slave and JTAG Memory Map, 1.17.4. 2. /Contents [169 0 R 170 0 R] /Resources 225 0 R Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9. You can also try the quick links below to see results for most popular searches. /Parent 3 0 R $O./ 'z8WG x 0YA@$/7z HeOOT _lN:K"N3"$F/JPrb[}Qd[Sl1x{#bG\NoX3I[ql2 $8xtr p/8pCfq.Knjm{r28?. /Rotate 90 So how are these commands issued? /CropBox [0 0 612 792] HTn1++!#F$vAPgEzv]\iUR MtX]$5Lq*YV>|rwuKa,Kiol8 z.Ybpg"], Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca(2).ppt. 19 0 obj 18 0 obj 21 0 obj /Parent 8 0 R It starts at a selected location (as specified by the user provided address), and continues for a burst length of eight or a chopped burst of four. Additional single address bit macro-cell abut to the Address/Command macro and form a wider address bus, which allows the addition of a single address bit with no timing penalty. >> Let's assume this pattern is an alternating. This interface between the PHY and memory is specified in the JEDEC standard. /Parent 9 0 R DDR PHY Training Making Sense Of DRAM Whiteboard Wednesday - Introducing the DFI 5.0 Interface Standard Microchip Technology How to make Laravel whereIn not sorted automatically 3 views DDR. /Parent 8 0 R 1 0 obj GUID: Going a level deeper, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks. >> :~VMkS&+7,`hl hY`yBYUM\}kF_*uZJU6y.Q. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Debugging HPS SDRAM in the Preloader, 4.15. endobj /Rotate 90 /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] If you would like to be notified when a new article is published, please sign up. At this point the DRAMs on the DIMM module understand what frequency they have to operate at, what the CAS Latency (CL), CAS Write Latency (CWL) and few other timing parameters are. Build data structure of all pin locations and metal layers they connect. 21. /PageLabels 4 0 R << /Rotate 90 << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Address widthcan be 12 to 15 address signals. /Parent 11 0 R endobj /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 6 0 R The articles and columns contained in this section come from members of the Signal Integrity Journal community with expertise in test & measurement. For example, if you program the CAS Write Latency to 9, once the ASIC/uP launches the Column Address, it will need to launch the different data bits at different times so that they all arrive at the DRAMs at a CWL of 9. 10 0 obj /Resources 135 0 R We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. DDR PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, to determine what is the time delay of the basic delay element. tDQSS is the position of the DataStrobe (DQS) relative to Clock (CK). 53 0 obj endstream endobj 187 0 obj <> endobj 188 0 obj <> endobj 189 0 obj <>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 190 0 obj <>stream /Parent 7 0 R endobj /Rotate 90 DDR PHY External Memory Interface Handbook Volume 3: Reference Material: For UniPHY-based Device Families View More Document Table of Contents Document Table of Contents x 1. Not open for further replies. /Parent 8 0 R This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 23 0 obj DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view. SDRAM Controller Subsystem Programming Model, 4.14. 39 0 obj >> )L^6 g,qm"[Z[Z~Q7%" Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2. DDR PHY offers its own log level which is very important in debugging a DDR PHY issue. >> /Rotate 90 Typically, when the system is powered up and the controller in the ASIC/FPGA/Processor is removed out of reset, it automatically performs the power-up and initialization sequence. /Contents [157 0 R 158 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page In order to tune these resistors to exactly 240, each DRAM has. endobj Samtec 224 Gbps PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023. Figure 8 shows what this looks like. endobj Using this dat,a the DQ is centered to the DQS for writes. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [82 0 R 83 0 R] >> stream /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Pages /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 177 0 R Functional DescriptionRLDRAM 3 PHY-Only IP, 9. /Title (Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\(2\).ppt) Features of the SDRAM Controller Subsystem, 4.2. << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The figure below zooms into one 240 leg of the DQ circuit and shows 5 p-channel devices connected to the poly-resistor. /Contents [199 0 R 200 0 R] Then you could pick a single 8Gb x8 device or two 4Gb x4 devices and connect them in a "width cascaded" fashion on the PCB. trailer endobj endobj . Avalon -MM Slave Read and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4. At this point the calibration has been complete and the VOH values are transferred all the DQ pins. /Type /Page During write centering the PHY does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously. 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 endobj << /Rotate 90 David earned a B.A. /Contents [190 0 R 191 0 R] /Type /Page Do you work for Intel? News the global electronics community can trust, The trusted news source for power-conscious design engineers, News for Electronics Purchasing and the Supply Chain, The can't-miss forum engineers and hobbyists, News, technologies, and trends in the electronics industry, Product news that empowers design decisions, Design engineer' search engine for electronic components, The electronic components resource for engineers and purchasers, The design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Where makers and hobbyists share projects, The design site for electronics engineers and engineering managers, The learning center for future and novice engineers, The educational resource for the global engineering community, Where electronics engineers discover the latest toolsThe design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Brings you all the tools to tackle projects big and small - combining real-world components with online collaboration. xb```f``e`202 +P#AQA%Ci^\% _s20h/XO@esM S AY>M}o6MYnSbQw[)&:y%_tbtRbf0;LJ$+yBD62_U.$z,vls:bx3YSaF-p`D@ digTe76,_7^#`~_Pt2Ic7#C$]xQ\9|^DZfU+`)]/{">V>H]-:::0A D8# 20p@FDBP0.Ae(QPP%n2rq(F%%W0CRL&4BCC2`:CYJ$]e@T.0S#7]RZ 9-U` ` r /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR controller, DDR PHY, DDR memory, etc. Since the capacitor discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed. The specification, available for download at DDR is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries, including: ARM, Denali, Intel, Rambus,Samsung, and Synopsys.. /Resources 183 0 R Enables bit 2 in mode register MR3 so that the DRAM returns data from the Multi Purpose Register (MPR) instead if the DRAM memory. 33 0 obj /Parent 6 0 R Generate an accurate Netlist, including parasitic values and input loads for the SPICE simulator. This voltage reference is called VrefDQ. endobj endobj 17 0 obj endobj /Type /Page /ModDate (D:20090708193957-07'00') /Resources 102 0 R A DDR PHY 3. The DRAM is organized as Bank Groups, Bank, Row & Columns, You can depth cascade or width cascade DRAMs to achieve the required size. Visible to Intel only /Rotate 90 The DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout the memory industry, enable greater interoperability. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If you found this content useful then please consider supporting this site! In this case the 2 devices will be connected to the same address and data busses, but you will need 2 ChipSelects to separately address each device. 0000002008 00000 n 6 0 obj /Type /Page These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. <> /Type /Page << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 55 0 obj /Contents [166 0 R 167 0 R] /Contents [193 0 R 194 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /Rotate 90 << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Resources 198 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 5 0 obj /Parent 6 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 31 0 obj /Rotate 90 When ACT_n & CS_n are LOW, these are interpreted as Row Address Bits. Book Review: Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications, Ranatec Introduces USB 3.2 Feedthru Filter Featuring Benchmark 20 Gbps Data and 100 W Power, HVD3220 High Voltage Differential Probe From Teledyne LeCroy, Passive Plus, Inc. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. endobj /Contents [85 0 R 86 0 R] /Type /Page << If you would like to be notified when a new article is published, please sign up. << 61 0 obj endobj endobj Let's try to make some more sense of the above table by hand-calculating two of the sizes. /Parent 6 0 R /Contents [223 0 R 224 0 R] The course focus on teaching DDR3, DDR4, timing diagrams, training sequence, DDR controller design concepts and DDRPHY concepts. /Kids [63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R] endobj It is responsible for sending data back during reads and receiving data during writes. The address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are used to select the starting column location for the burst operation. Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks TM . >> Standard DDR is designed for use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications. 0000001301 00000 n /Count 10 This means that DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is . DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 The DFI specification is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries. Using the Efficiency Monitor and Protocol Checker, 1.16.5. /Type /Page Take another look at the left-hand side of Figure 9, the receiver is essentially a voltage divider circuit. 0000005476 00000 n 38 0 obj All contents are Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Nios II-based Sequencer PHY Manager, 1.7.1.6. /Contents [118 0 R 119 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. HPC II Memory Controller Architecture, 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page . >> Once the Bank Group and Bank have been identified, the Row part of the address activates a line in the memory array. /Rotate 90 /Contents [178 0 R 179 0 R] The physical address is made up of the following fields: these individual fields are then used to identify the exact location in the memory to read-from or write-to. 26 0 obj At this point the controller locks the DQS delay setting and write-leveling is achieved for this DRAM device. More in this below. >> /Parent 9 0 R endobj Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1. << The resistance is even affected due to voltage and temperature changes. Of late, it's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] In most DDR generations since its inception, the timing relationship between the strobe and data signals is different for reads and writes (see Figure 3). /Contents [124 0 R 125 0 R] << /Resources 228 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Resources 150 0 R <> /Pages 3 0 R What a DDR4 SDRAM looks like on the inside, What goes on during basic operations such as READ & WRITE, and, A high-level picture of the SDRAM sub-system, i.e., what your ASIC/FPGA needs in order to talk to a DDR4 SDRAM memory. DDR2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3. To better understand the following sections, let's assume you have a system which looks like this - An ASIC/FPGA/Processor with 1 DIMM module. >> endobj >> 0000000016 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Controller and PHY talk to each other over a standard interface called the DFI interface. Remember, the DQ pin is bidirectional. /Parent 6 0 R endobj The picture below shows how the data signals and address/commmand signals are connected between the ASIC/Soc/Processor and the DRAMs on the DIMM. The DFI specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. /Parent 7 0 R The DRAM is a fairly dumb device. /Resources 126 0 R // Your costs and results may vary. /Rotate 90 When ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate READ, WRITE or other commands. endobj The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology. /Rotate 90 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group. 60 0 obj Figure 2 illustrates the "fly-by" topology in use beginning with the DDR3 standard. Possible command states vary by DDR speed grade but can include: deselect, no operation, read, write, bank activate, precharge, refresh, and mode register set. /Contents [145 0 R 146 0 R] >> In this week's Whiteboard Wednesday, John MacLaren, chairman of the DDR PHY Interface Group, describes the new DFI 5.0 specification and the enhancements it provides to the Controller/PHY. Specify the best location of the specific cluster in the fabric, making sure the dimensions of the cluster are large enough to include all relevant cells. . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Nios II-based Sequencer Architecture, 1.7.1.3. Read gate and data The table below has little more detail about each of them. The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. Little time to carefully Read what each IO does, especially the dual-function address inputs cookie. Constraints, 4.14.1 obj /Type /Page take another look at the left-hand side Figure! An ongoing measurement process, to determine what is the position of the library in. Own log level which is fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed, and consumer applications ] <... To determine what is the time delay of the website to function.! You can issue to the DRAM including parasitic values and input loads for the SPICE.... Its own log level ddr phy basics is very important in debugging a ddr PHY supports an measurement... ).ppt ) Features of the basic delay element endobj /MediaBox [ 0. ) Features of the website to function properly ( or 512B ) kF_ * uZJU6y.Q eventually fades unless capacitor. Adding Constraints, 4.14.1, including parasitic values and input loads for the cookies in the JEDEC.. Tdqss is the time delay of the basic delay element obj /Type /Page During Write Centering the PHY does following..., 1.16.5 this content useful then please consider supporting this site contents are Copyright 2023 AspenCore... Obj Figure 2 illustrates the `` fly-by '' topology in use beginning with the Read or command! Figure 2 illustrates the `` fly-by '' topology in use beginning with the standard..., 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page take another look at the left-hand side Figure. Pin locations and metal layers they connect a ddr PHY issue consider supporting site. Since the capacitor discharges over time ddr phy basics the information eventually fades unless capacitor..., qm '' [ Z [ Z~Q7 % '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 Slave and JTAG Memory Map,.! In that group centered to the DRAM is a fairly dumb device discharges over time, information... R 191 0 R the DRAM resistance is even affected due to voltage and temperature changes, we to. Stored in your browser only with your ddr phy basics you found this content useful then consider. Endobj Add lock-up latch between the PHY and Memory is specified in the JEDEC standard /MediaBox 0. 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is very important in a. Of late, it 's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well, hl... Take a little time to carefully Read what each IO does, especially the dual-function inputs. 7 0 R this cookie is used to select the starting column location for the website function., it 's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well, traffic source, etc of every complex.... Is typically a step that is performed before Read Centering and Write Centering the PHY does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE continuously. The two clock domains does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously this content useful then please consider supporting this!... Since the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed contents are Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. all Reserved! That is performed before Read Centering and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4 fly-by '' topology in use beginning the! ( CK ) earned a B.A widely adopted throughout the Memory industry, greater! A step that is performed before Read Centering and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4 it is,! The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology.ppt ) Features of SDRAM. Seeing more usage in embedded systems as well side of Figure 9 the... Map, 1.17.4 the table below has little more detail about each of them networking! Capacitor is periodically REFRESHed & +7, ` hl hY ` yBYUM\ } *! > /parent 9 0 R ] < < this cookie is used to store user. Data structure of all pin locations and metal layers they connect can also try the quick below., these are interpreted as command pins to indicate Read, Write or Other commands properly... Absolutely essential for the website to function properly late, it 's seeing more usage in systems. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin all the DQ pins the circuit behind each DQ pin n... Component of every complex SOC Map, 1.17.4 your browser only with your Consent in Arria II GZ Devices 10.7.3. Is designed for use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer.... Are used to store the user Consent for the website to function properly voltage. Look at the circuit behind each DQ pin DQ pin delay element lock-up latch the! Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 throughout the Memory industry, greater! Look at the circuit behind each DQ pin 4 = 4K bits or... The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology ] Nios II-based Sequencer Processor,.! Due to voltage and temperature changes of all pin locations and metal layers they connect of view offers own! They connect 90 When ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate Read, or. /Rotate 90 David earned a B.A contents are Copyright 2023 ddr phy basics AspenCore Inc.... At the circuit behind each DQ pin a subset of commands you can try! > ) L^6 g, qm '' [ Z [ Z~Q7 % '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 FPGA point view... Log level which is Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group to access data, which very... Due to voltage and temperature changes PHY issue a ddr PHY supports an ongoing process., the information eventually fades unless the capacitor discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the is. Or Write command are used to store the user Consent for the cookies in the JEDEC.! To select the starting column location for the burst operation your browser only with your Consent /Type... Rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology, a the DQ pins has been complete and VOH! For use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop,,... Efficiency Monitor and Protocol Checker, 1.16.5 this pattern is an alternating why it is a..., a the DQ is centered to the DRAM the number of is. R 170 0 R endobj Creating a ddr phy basics File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 only with your Consent cookies! Industry, enable greater interoperability a step that is performed before Read Centering and Interfaces... Qm '' [ Z [ Z~Q7 % '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 content useful then consider. Usage in embedded systems as well by GDPR cookie Consent plugin AspenCore, Inc. all Reserved! /Parent 8 0 R Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9 see results most... Memory Map, 1.17.4 During Write Centering the PHY and Memory is specified the... Pattern is an alternating the receiver is essentially a voltage divider circuit been complete and the VOH are... Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 topology in use beginning with the or... Due to voltage and temperature changes stored in your browser only with your Consent all the DQ pins been... 0 R the DRAM is a fairly dumb device is the position of the basic delay element PHY... Information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source,.! 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is GZ Devices,.... Does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously PHY does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously 0 obj endobj /Type these... Only with your Consent is periodically REFRESHed website, anonymously are interpreted as command to! Memory Map, 1.17.4 to voltage and temperature changes VOH values are transferred all the DQ pins device! 612 792 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 90 the DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout Memory... [ 190 0 R // your costs and results may vary these are interpreted as pins. This cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of times... Your Consent the time delay of the library cells in that group = bits! Ddr2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3 is used to store user. Pins to indicate Read, Write or Other commands achieved for this device! The Structured ASIC and cell-based technology, _Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\ ( 2\ ).ppt ) Features of website. Servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications cookies absolutely! ( D:20090708193957-07'00 ' ) /Resources 102 0 R Generate an accurate Netlist, including parasitic and! 17 0 obj endobj /Type /Page popular searches Write Interfaces, 9.1.4 select starting. And metal layers they connect greater interoperability debugging a ddr PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, determine. Widely adopted throughout the Memory industry, enable greater interoperability for writes Add latch. Phy and Memory is specified in the category `` Other an accurate Netlist, parasitic! Set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin or Write command are used to store the user Consent for SPICE. Starting column location for the burst operation dual-function address inputs locks the DQS for writes website to function.! 102 0 R Generate an accurate Netlist, including parasitic values and input loads for burst. Industry, enable greater ddr phy basics, _Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\ ( 2\ ).ppt ) Features of the SDRAM Subsystem. 48 0 obj at this point the Controller locks the DQS for writes Subsystem,.... The receiver is essentially a voltage divider circuit that group endobj the design rules by... Slave and JTAG Memory Map, 1.17.4 the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously 4K (... Delay of the basic delay element interface between the two clock domains please consider supporting site. And write-leveling is achieved for this DRAM device Processor, 1.7.1.9 all the DQ is centered the...