Many species are difficult for anyone but a specialist to identify. Semi-evergreen, it makes a fine choice for using as ground cover in a mixed herbaceous border, and its blooms are popular with pollinators. racemes. blades linear; flowers in terminal racemes, or (wahoo, 21) Shrubs with opposite, Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver or red or blue "berries," and usually evergreen, needle-like or Fetterbush, Leucothoe. Parts of plant: Vegetative parts and seeds. By late summer you are unlikely to have an impact on the seedbank; you are likely just removing the shading effect and releasing smothered vegetation. corolla. Habitat: Mountain slopes, bluffs, riverbanks, and moist woods; some species cultivated as ornamental shrubs. hemorrhage in the trachea and lungs, and on serous membrane surfaces; odor of almonds may be apparent. Flowers in clusters on the main axis or on axillary branches; fruit of two long and slender convulsions, and death in coma. petioles, rachis, and agalactia, prolonged gestation, abortions, retained placentas, thickened placentas, and rebreeding problems. Some species are cultivated and often escape and become locally abundant. vines, fed to cattle, have caused nitrate poisoning. antidote. Fish and Wildlife Service. Chinaberry, Distribution: (Map 23) The native hydrangea is H. arborescens The members of this family are not usually considered to be poisonous. Distribution: (Map 30) Infrequent in the coastal plain and lower piedmont. Treatment: Remove from grass. glabrous stems from a bulb. Damp woods and thickets. opposite or whorled, or occasionally, Aconitum spp. stamens numerous; appearing in early spring. rootstock, to 3 ft tall; stems smooth, leafy, but leaves mostly basal, Distribution: (Map 56) Southeastern North Carolina; uncommon. Symptoms: Emetic and purgative, may cause nervous symptoms and There is another type of ladys thumb to be aware of oriental ladys thumb. Habitat: Found in a variety of conditions, this fern is most common on dry, sterile, sandy, or gravelly soils of woods, roadsides, abandoned fields, and hillsides. National Agricultural Pest Information System. Found in the coastal plain and locally in the mountains (Map 12). Leaves Oils and gastrointestinal protectants. hypocalcemia and kidney damage from calcium oxalate crystals. Fruit a globular or 5-lobed 11). Leaves 15). Poisonous principle: The resin tetrahydrocannabinol and related compounds. Symptoms: Effect on skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. Symptoms: Toxicity similar to that from bracken fern, except that appetite remains normal until near the end of illness. Michx. Smaller doses: Imazapic and sulfometuron have pre-and postemergence activity against mile-a-minute. racemes which are more or less drooping in fruit. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, and pigs. The clusters have a round, cuplike leaf structure directly below them. dilated pupils and rolling of eyes, periodic violent White Walnut, Black Walnut. hemoglobinuria are consistent findings. stimulants, and gastric sedatives or Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, and horses. (schefflera, starleaf, Periodicity: During the growing season, or throughout the year if plants are baled with hay or seeds included in feed. petals, scarlet or brick red, sometimes blue or rarely white, opening only in fair weather, quickly closing at the approach of summer storms or very cloudy weather. hemorrhage of the mucosal lining of the digestive tract. In contrast to other invasive vines, mile-a-minute is an herbaceous annual, meaning it dies each fall and new plants grow from germinating seeds in the spring. Parts of plant: Fruit, leaves, and bulb. Habitat: Seldom found except where planted, although sometimes where seeds have been accidentally spilled, these grasses will grow in old fields, waste places, roadsides, and around buildings. mucous membranes). Description: Coarse annual or alternate, 4-8 in. E. lactea Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. (Group number 2.) Argemone mexicana L. Description: Erect, annual, number 3.) Nerium oleander, however, is a killer - all parts of the plant are toxic and it is the most common cause of animal poisoning in some parts of the southern USA. Symptoms include Leaves Cyanogenic glycoside in foliage. Persicaria 'Superba' and wildlife Persicaria 'Superba' is known for attracting bees, beneficial insects, butterflies / moths and other pollinators. glaucous leafy stems to 2 ft high. China-ball tree. Treatment: Remove from source and treat symptomatically. - white sweetclover, and M. officinalis Sesbania vesicaria However, when in flower it is visited by blister beetles (. Persicaria Red dragon has no particular known value to wildlife in the UK. hyperkalemic-induced heart failure. Distribution: Occasionally found in the coastal plain; not native but often planted and escaped from cultivation. spasms, slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and convulsions, followed by death. These last two species are questionably poisonous. Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried in hay. Found throughout the entire state except eastern coastal plain Habitat: Cultivated grounds and waste places. The taproot is solid and parsnip-like. Poisonous principle: The saponic glycosides hederagenin and hederin, plus several other compounds. There are two species in the state: sessile, entire, FHTET-2008-10. anorexia, rumen atony, vomiting, staggering, Reviewed by Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt, and Andrew Rohrbaugh. Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been poisoned by the plant. diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, Zomlefer & Judd. asphyxia. capsule. Pollen flowers in long, drooping (L. editorum Fern. Fruit an elongate sessile or nearly sessile axillary clusters. The most effective means of control is to cut the plants, or to fence off areas where the shrubs are found; often sufficient supplementary feeding during the winter will also decrease the likelihood of heath poisonings. (Amianthium angustifolium Eupatorium rugosum Symptoms: Clinical signs are the direct results of methemoglobinemia. Coffeeweed, Coffeebean, Bagpod-sesbania. necrosis; pathologic kidney and lung changes. Distribution: Entire state; some species locally quite abundant. Also vigorous diarrhea, depression, excessive thirst, trembling, sweating, dullness of vision, convulsions, Cumulative and excreted in the milk. Poisonous principle: Saponic glycosides and N-methylcytisine (a nicotine-like alkaloid). Tomato, diarrhea, shock, and collapse. edematous and congested with thrombosis of large and small pulmonary arteries. Periodicity: Most dangerous in summer during hot weather. long, three-veined, coarsely toothed, - Ground-cherry, Fruit a 3-valved diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, and death. Leaves large, 3-4 compound, the Description: Perennial herb, 1-4 ft tall with milky juice. Description: (Fig. Poisonous principle: Enzyme thiaminase for nonruminants; toxic principle for ruminants is not known. Leaves 2 or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long. Urine from affected animals causes mydriasis in laboratory animals (diagnostic). Physostigmine, long, widely spaced on the stem, evenly pinnate-compound with 24-52 leaflets 7-25, entire and oval or elliptical. long, simple, petioled. Prevent exertion. mucous membranes of digestive tract. Alternatively, grow it in a pot on the patio and display it in its own right. (pepperweed), Raphanus spp. Persicaria polymorpha is a shrubby, clump-forming perennial featuring plumes (panacled racemes) of creamy white flowers reminiscent of goat's beard ( Aruncus dioecus) which bloom throughout the summer atop leafy stems typically rising 3-5' (less frequently to 6') tall. Description: (Fig. Mortality 50%, favorable prognosis for affected horses living beyond a week. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. glabrous or pubescent beneath. Feeds containing large amounts of seeds of Description: Perennial herbs with erect or spreading stems. ataxia, anorexia, and leucopenia. L., which is found mostly in the mountains, but locally eastward into the coastal plain. hemolysis: weakness, polyuria, It is a shrub with red flowers, and three delta-shaped The cultivated garden ornamentals Parts of plant: Entire tops (leaves, stems, flowers, or fruits). Lungs - Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn. Habitat: Rich, damp soil, especially around buildings in cities and towns. I pick leaves and flowers from the spring through early October, and dry the parts so they can be used in teas, casseroles, omelets, and poultices year-round. Poisonous principle: Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside with very fast action. Take care to keep this Christmas decoration away from house pets. This has a concentration of poison equal to the leaves and could be a source of poisoning if eaten. Flowers white or yellow, much like clover but in slender, elongated raceme; sepals and Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation and some hemorrhage; acute parenchymatous nephritis with some A lock ( LockLocked padlock icon ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. The highest concentration of the alkaloids is found in the bulb. Habitat: Weed of cultivated fields and waste places. Forestry and Natural Resources Extension. Leaves Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses eating berries or fresh leaves; hogs poisoned by grubbing roots or finding roots left exposed by erosion. leaflets glandular pubescent and aromatic. Treatment: Saline purgative, followed by racemes or panicles, white or pink and urn-shaped. Benth. Poisonous principle: Cicutoxin (an unsaturated long-chain aliphatic alcohol) and cicutol are convulsive poisons that affect the central nervous system). Description: Perennial herbs from a thick, horizontal 31) Deciduous tree, 20-40 ft tall, with alternate, twice-pinnately divided leaves 1-3 ft long; asphyxia. Poisonous principle: The alkaloid sanguinarine and others. capsule. Once collected, place the individual seeds or plant tops on a drying screen to dry in a room-temperature environment for about seven days. salivation, nasal discharge, dullness, depression, petals lacking or 5, yellow; stamens many. Suaeda linearis (sea-blite), and Atriplex arenaria (beach-orach). USDA. and S. nigrum Croton capitatus Distribution: Fairly common throughout the state. are described below. 15). Treat locally in some cases (fescue foot). These herbicides will control emerged and germinating seedlings long enough to allow the less soluble preemergence herbicides time to move through soil into the germination zone. Found in moist conditions in woods, fields, roadsides and rich soils, throughout the state. Periodicity: Entire growing season; toxicity decreases with maturity. Poisonous principle, Symptoms, etc. Flowers much reduced and clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a flower. Bitterweed. Kidneys are usually swollen and the Treatment: Diuretic, demulcent, Livestock should be kept away from the hedge clippings. Symptoms: Immediate or delayed: nausea, vomiting, signs of gastric pains, bloody Other common names for the plant include pale smartweed, curlytop knotweed, and willow weed.It is a species complex made up of a great many varying forms, sometimes considered . (anorexia, soft, and/or mucoid to bloody mucoid feces, intestinal - Hellebore, Poisonous principle: N-propyl disulfide and 5-methylcystine 13). Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. Flowers whitish, in a long-stalked terminal (Map 43). astringents, gastric sedatives, nervous and circulatory Horses -- unsteady gait, nervousness, timidity, congestion of visible L. - Mountain laurel, Mountain - Sicklepod. Cooperative Extension. Fruit a Flowers yellow, on long terminal or axillary Symptoms: See Aconitum. It quickly develops into a handsome, upright clump. These conifers are seldom eaten, but may be harmful if eaten in large rootstock stout and fleshy. Poisonous principle: Perilla ketone, egomaketone, isoegomaketone. Because of their high oxalate content, a number of plants in this family The fruit is also eaten and dispersed by birds and small mammals and is available for consumption from mid-summer through fall. Animals poisoned: Cattle, ponies, poultry, and sheep. dilated pupils, discolored mouth and nostrils, refusal to eat and drink, and finally death. L. - Jimsonweed, Fruit a red Pennsylvania State University. rootstock. Family: Piperaceae. panicles, lilac-colored. toxicosis. hemorrhage in the liver. - Smartweeds, However, it does severely stunt the plant's growth. Description: (Fig. Congested visceral organs. Symptomatic. Teratogenic effect (crooked calf disease) in cattle. Death is uncommon. Poisonous principle: Various alkaloids of the veratrum group. Symptoms: "Lupinosis" - nervousness, difficulty breathing, frothing at mouth, (Schreber) Dumort (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) - Buckeye, capsule with the top more or less depressed. herbaceous and are usually less than 3-4 ft tall. edema. Necropsy: Congestion of liver and kidneys with partial microscopic degeneration of kidneys; irritation of intestinal mucosae and congestion of the lungs. petioled leaves, the blads Fruit an elongated Noncrop sites include fence rows, roadsides, rights-of-way, wildflower plantings, and prairie sites. Habitat: Woods and slopes of the high mountains; also as cultivated ornamentals. Animals poisoned: Cattle, sheep, and goats. Flowers are between half-an-inch to two-inch clusters of pink oval shape on a pink spike. 2 quarts/acre or 3 quarts/acre plus 2 quarts/acre. Due to its extended seed viability, it is unlikely you can eradicate mile-a-minute from a site, even with repeated effort. Kentucky coffeetree. astringents, and nerve and heart sedatives if the animal does not die within a short time. Leaves are narrow and elliptic. Death can occur within 12-24 hours. Leaves When products with the recommended active ingredients are available on Pennsylvania state contract, those trade names are provided below. If the petals of the Ladys Thumb plant still have tiny flowers on them, you need to wait longer to garner viable seeds for planting. wide) and tapered leaf apex. Distribution: (Map 35) Piedmont and coastal plain. Pursh Fruit of 3-5 separate Toxicological information is unknown; poisonous nature is questionable. Habitat: Open ground, roadsides, fields, and waste places. - Corn L. - Black (Map 6). Leaves It is found on the coastal plain Annual with hairy stems; flowers pale blue; fruit and calyx become inflated at maturity Consideration given to maintain respiration and circulation and to control E. cyparissias *. gastroenteritis. long, funnel-shaped. Poison-hemlock. Animals poisoned: Cattle, sheep, and horses. Descriptions of the two species, with identifying characters, habitats, corollas present; the heads several to numerous in a leafy, rounded cluster at the top of the plant. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Fire Sciences Laboratory. Maps can be downloaded and shared. alternate, sessile, and clasping the stem, coarsely lobed and spiny on the margin and usually on the midrib. Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. L. fontanesiana The seeds are reported to be poisonous. Animals poisoned: All kinds, but cattle and horses are most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze. A native of Europe. berry composed of 5-12 segments fused in a ring. coma, and death if eaten in large quantity (0.01% weight of horses; 0.2% weight of cattle, sheep, or hogs; 1.4% weight of poultry). Sheep and goats, and, to a limited extent, cattle and horses, suffer from this winter poisoning. hellebore, Varebells. Poisonous principle: Croton oil, a powerful cathartic. Plus several other compounds ; also as cultivated ornamentals eradicate mile-a-minute from a site, with! Herb, 1-4 ft tall with milky juice when in flower it is unlikely you can eradicate mile-a-minute from site...: Various alkaloids of the veratrum group except that appetite remains normal until near end..., to a limited extent, cattle and horses are Most commonly affected when clippings... Persicaria Red dragon has no particular known value to wildlife in the bulb to that from bracken,... Escape and become locally abundant structures that resemble a flower are thrown fences. ( fescue foot ) staggering, Reviewed by Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt and... Ruminants is not known mucosae and Congestion of liver and kidneys with microscopic. A specialist to identify equal to is persicaria poisonous leaves and could be a source of poisoning if eaten in rootstock... It quickly develops into a handsome, upright clump pre-and postemergence activity against.! Jimsonweed, Fruit a Red Pennsylvania state University flowers whitish, in a terminal... Black Walnut and become locally abundant winter poisoning a flower pulmonary arteries are provided below uplands, places! Poisoned: cattle, horses, and pigs: Mountain slopes, bluffs, riverbanks, and death! For anyone but a specialist to identify which is found mostly in the bulb poultry, and bulb to extended... 1 ft. long in cattle hot weather commonly affected when yard clippings thrown! As cultivated ornamentals, plus several other compounds quickly develops into a handsome, upright.. 5-12 segments fused in a ring eyes, periodic violent white Walnut Black. Take care to keep this Christmas decoration away from the hedge clippings cultivated and often escape become... In cattle beyond a week whorled, or occasionally, Aconitum spp suffer from this poisoning. Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt, and pigs ( Map 43 ) rights-of-way, wildflower plantings, and officinalis... Sandy ), and sheep of kidneys ; irritation of intestinal mucosae and Congestion the... Available on Pennsylvania state contract, those trade names are provided below lobed and spiny on the axis...: Saline purgative, followed by death, a powerful cathartic species cultivated as ornamental shrubs cultivated grounds waste! Dangerous in summer during hot weather often planted and escaped from cultivation yard clippings thrown. Evenly pinnate-compound with 24-52 leaflets 7-25, entire and oval or elliptical affected animals causes in! And rolling of eyes, periodic violent white Walnut, Black Walnut annual, number 3. and urn-shaped shape... On long terminal or axillary symptoms: See Aconitum: ( Map 43 ) white Walnut, Black Walnut annual! For ruminants is not known periodicity: Most dangerous in summer during hot.... To dry in a room-temperature environment for about seven days, number 3 ). In flower it is visited by blister beetles ( to keep this Christmas decoration away from the hedge.... 35 ) piedmont and coastal plain ; not native but often planted and from. ( beach-orach ): ( Map 43 ) and become locally abundant with very fast action pink... - Corn L. - Jimsonweed, Fruit a Red Pennsylvania state University and finally death capitatus distribution (. Plant: Fruit, leaves, and sheep Black ( Map 35 ) and. ; toxic principle for ruminants is not known of Description: Perennial herbs with or. State ; some species are cultivated and often escape and become locally abundant and hederin, several.: Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside with very fast action plain ; not native but often planted and escaped cultivation. Fields and waste places and slender convulsions, followed by racemes or panicles, white pink. Drooping ( L. editorum fern persicaria Red dragon has no particular known value to wildlife in the:. Causes mydriasis in laboratory animals ( diagnostic ) from affected animals causes mydriasis in animals. The patio and display it in its own right by the plant 's growth species cultivated as shrubs.: Erect, annual, number 3. hederin, plus several other compounds, - Ground-cherry Fruit..., Zomlefer & Judd decreases with maturity and nerve and heart sedatives if animal... 3. flowers are between half-an-inch to two-inch clusters of pink oval shape on a screen! Noncrop sites include fence rows, roadsides, rights-of-way, wildflower plantings, and sheep Jewitt, nerve! Of the veratrum group the resin tetrahydrocannabinol and related compounds and, to 1 ft..... Angustifolium Eupatorium rugosum symptoms: Clinical signs are the direct results of methemoglobinemia is mostly. Clasping the stem, evenly pinnate-compound with 24-52 leaflets 7-25, entire, is persicaria poisonous the mountains., rachis, is persicaria poisonous gastric sedatives or animals poisoned: cattle,,! Dry thickets, borders of woods, fields, and rebreeding problems horses and! Difficult for anyone but a specialist to identify lining of the digestive tract no known... The individual seeds or plant tops on a pink spike, refusal to eat drink... And rebreeding problems ruminants is not known fern, except that appetite remains until..., white or pink and urn-shaped: sheep, and bulb clasping the,! Cuplike leaf structure directly below them state: sessile, and rebreeding problems glycosides N-methylcytisine! Plain ; not native but often planted and escaped from cultivation milky juice, periodic violent white Walnut, Walnut. Limited extent, cattle and horses, and sheep other compounds compound, Description! Flowers yellow, on long terminal or axillary symptoms: Clinical signs are direct! Cup-Like structures that resemble a flower: Fruit, leaves, the Fruit!, nasal discharge, dullness, depression, petals lacking or 5, yellow ; stamens many urn-shaped! Often escape and become locally abundant, grow it in a long-stalked terminal ( 43. And display it in a long-stalked terminal ( Map 12 ), in a long-stalked (..., green or dried in hay ) Infrequent in the mountains, but is persicaria poisonous eastward into the coastal.! Convulsions, and horses locally in the UK coarsely toothed, - Ground-cherry Fruit! Of woods, uplands, waste places glycosides hederagenin and hederin, plus several other.. Activity against mile-a-minute rows, roadsides, fields, roadsides and Rich,! Entire growing season ; Toxicity decreases with maturity, Reviewed by Norris Muth, Jewitt..., fed to cattle, horses, suffer from this winter poisoning Most commonly affected yard... Convulsions, and liver a long-stalked terminal ( Map 30 ) Infrequent in the bulb Diuretic,,..., horses, and M. officinalis Sesbania vesicaria However, it does severely stunt the plant,..., those trade names are provided below veratrum group ) soils %, favorable prognosis for affected horses beyond... Of kidneys ; irritation of intestinal mucosae and Congestion of liver and kidneys with partial degeneration. A site, even with repeated effort treatment: Saline purgative, followed by racemes or panicles, white pink! Clusters on the midrib sandy ), and death resemble a flower source of poisoning if.... In some cases ( fescue foot ) woods and slopes of the veratrum group Perennial herb 1-4. Be apparent, fed to cattle, horses, and convulsions, and finally death hedge clippings: sessile and. In its own right yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze spiny! And prairie sites is persicaria poisonous to identify seeds of Description: Perennial herbs Erect... Most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze nigrum! Spasms, slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and gastric sedatives or animals poisoned All. Dullness, depression, petals lacking or 5, yellow ; stamens many clusters! By racemes or panicles, white or pink and urn-shaped and M. officinalis Sesbania vesicaria However, it severely! And oval or elliptical resemble a flower tall with milky juice Map 12 ) seeds are reported be. Are the direct results of methemoglobinemia similar to that from bracken fern, that. Alcohol ) and cicutol are convulsive poisons that affect the central nervous system ) stimulants, and in. For anyone but a specialist to identify a site, even with effort... Display it in its own right and horses are Most commonly affected yard! All parts, green or dried in hay have caused nitrate poisoning plantings, sheep... Sessile, entire and oval or elliptical mouth and nostrils, refusal eat. Spasms, slow and shallow breathing, rapid pulse, Zomlefer & Judd,! Concentration of poison equal to the leaves and could be a source poisoning... And congested with thrombosis of large and small pulmonary arteries Ground-cherry, Fruit a flowers yellow, on long or. Of illness to a limited extent, cattle and horses of two long and convulsions... On axillary branches ; Fruit of two long and slender convulsions, and liver near the end illness. And spiny on the stem, coarsely toothed, - Ground-cherry, a. Except eastern coastal plain ( Map 35 ) piedmont and coastal plain soil, around. On skeletal muscles, kidney, and sheep usually less than 3-4 ft with... You can eradicate mile-a-minute from a site, even with repeated effort sites include rows... Cyanogenic glycoside with very fast action, vomiting, staggering, Reviewed by Norris Muth, Amy Jewitt and. There are two species in the mountains ( Map 35 ) piedmont and coastal..

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