/Contents [109 0 R 110 0 R] << This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. endobj Add lock-up latch between the two clock domains. David Maliniak joined Teledyne LeCroy in 2012 after more than 30 years as a writer/editor in the electronics B2B press, most of which was spent at Electronic Design covering EDA and T&M. The table above is only a subset of commands you can issue to the DRAM. << 13K views 2 years ago PolarFire FPGA Microchip's DDR-PHY is an integral part of the PolarFIre FPGA and Polarfire SOC memory subsystem. 48 0 obj It is typically a step that is performed before Read Centering and Write Centering. >> Figure 2: BankGroup & Bank (Source: Micron Datasheet) To READ from memory you provide an address and to WRITE to it you additionally provide data. DDR PHY The TCI DDR PHY is a high-performance, scalable system using a radically new architecture that continuously and auto-matically adjusts each pin individually, correcting skew within byte lanes. So, for a x4 device number of bits is 1K x 4 = 4K bits (or 512B). Or you could choose to have 2 individual 8Gb discrete devices soldered down on the PCB (because 2x8Gb devices happen to be cheaper than 1x16Gb). Take a little time to carefully read what each IO does, especially the dual-function address inputs. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Rotate 90 << Differential clock inputs. To understand what ZQ calibration does and why it is required, we need to first look at the circuit behind each DQ pin. /Kids [6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> Here's a super-simplified version of what the controller does. Avalon CSR Slave and JTAG Memory Map, 1.17.4. 2. /Contents [169 0 R 170 0 R] /Resources 225 0 R Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9. You can also try the quick links below to see results for most popular searches. /Parent 3 0 R $O./ 'z8WG x 0YA@$/7z HeOOT _lN:K"N3"$F/JPrb[}Qd[Sl1x{#bG\NoX3I[ql2 $8xtr p/8pCfq.Knjm{r28?. /Rotate 90 So how are these commands issued? /CropBox [0 0 612 792] HTn1++!#F$vAPgEzv]\iUR MtX]$5Lq*YV>|rwuKa,Kiol8 z.Ybpg"], Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca(2).ppt. 19 0 obj 18 0 obj 21 0 obj /Parent 8 0 R It starts at a selected location (as specified by the user provided address), and continues for a burst length of eight or a chopped burst of four. Additional single address bit macro-cell abut to the Address/Command macro and form a wider address bus, which allows the addition of a single address bit with no timing penalty. >> Let's assume this pattern is an alternating. This interface between the PHY and memory is specified in the JEDEC standard. /Parent 9 0 R DDR PHY Training Making Sense Of DRAM Whiteboard Wednesday - Introducing the DFI 5.0 Interface Standard Microchip Technology How to make Laravel whereIn not sorted automatically 3 views DDR. /Parent 8 0 R 1 0 obj GUID: Going a level deeper, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks. >> :~VMkS&+7,`hl hY`yBYUM\}kF_*uZJU6y.Q. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Debugging HPS SDRAM in the Preloader, 4.15. endobj /Rotate 90 /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] If you would like to be notified when a new article is published, please sign up. At this point the DRAMs on the DIMM module understand what frequency they have to operate at, what the CAS Latency (CL), CAS Write Latency (CWL) and few other timing parameters are. Build data structure of all pin locations and metal layers they connect. 21. /PageLabels 4 0 R << /Rotate 90 << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Address widthcan be 12 to 15 address signals. /Parent 11 0 R endobj /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 6 0 R The articles and columns contained in this section come from members of the Signal Integrity Journal community with expertise in test & measurement. For example, if you program the CAS Write Latency to 9, once the ASIC/uP launches the Column Address, it will need to launch the different data bits at different times so that they all arrive at the DRAMs at a CWL of 9. 10 0 obj /Resources 135 0 R We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. DDR PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, to determine what is the time delay of the basic delay element. tDQSS is the position of the DataStrobe (DQS) relative to Clock (CK). 53 0 obj endstream endobj 187 0 obj <> endobj 188 0 obj <> endobj 189 0 obj <>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 190 0 obj <>stream /Parent 7 0 R endobj /Rotate 90 DDR PHY External Memory Interface Handbook Volume 3: Reference Material: For UniPHY-based Device Families View More Document Table of Contents Document Table of Contents x 1. Not open for further replies. /Parent 8 0 R This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 23 0 obj DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view. SDRAM Controller Subsystem Programming Model, 4.14. 39 0 obj >> )L^6 g,qm"[Z[Z~Q7%" Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2. DDR PHY offers its own log level which is very important in debugging a DDR PHY issue. >> /Rotate 90 Typically, when the system is powered up and the controller in the ASIC/FPGA/Processor is removed out of reset, it automatically performs the power-up and initialization sequence. /Contents [157 0 R 158 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page In order to tune these resistors to exactly 240, each DRAM has. endobj Samtec 224 Gbps PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023. Figure 8 shows what this looks like. endobj Using this dat,a the DQ is centered to the DQS for writes. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Contents [82 0 R 83 0 R] >> stream /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Pages /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 177 0 R Functional DescriptionRLDRAM 3 PHY-Only IP, 9. /Title (Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\(2\).ppt) Features of the SDRAM Controller Subsystem, 4.2. << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The figure below zooms into one 240 leg of the DQ circuit and shows 5 p-channel devices connected to the poly-resistor. /Contents [199 0 R 200 0 R] Then you could pick a single 8Gb x8 device or two 4Gb x4 devices and connect them in a "width cascaded" fashion on the PCB. trailer endobj endobj . Avalon -MM Slave Read and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4. At this point the calibration has been complete and the VOH values are transferred all the DQ pins. /Type /Page During write centering the PHY does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously. 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 endobj << /Rotate 90 David earned a B.A. /Contents [190 0 R 191 0 R] /Type /Page Do you work for Intel? News the global electronics community can trust, The trusted news source for power-conscious design engineers, News for Electronics Purchasing and the Supply Chain, The can't-miss forum engineers and hobbyists, News, technologies, and trends in the electronics industry, Product news that empowers design decisions, Design engineer' search engine for electronic components, The electronic components resource for engineers and purchasers, The design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Where makers and hobbyists share projects, The design site for electronics engineers and engineering managers, The learning center for future and novice engineers, The educational resource for the global engineering community, Where electronics engineers discover the latest toolsThe design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Brings you all the tools to tackle projects big and small - combining real-world components with online collaboration. xb```f``e`202 +P#AQA%Ci^\% _s20h/XO@esM S AY>M}o6MYnSbQw[)&:y%_tbtRbf0;LJ$+yBD62_U.$z,vls:bx3YSaF-p`D@ digTe76,_7^#`~_Pt2Ic7#C$]xQ\9|^DZfU+`)]/{">V>H]-:::0A D8# 20p@FDBP0.Ae(QPP%n2rq(F%%W0CRL&4BCC2`:CYJ$]e@T.0S#7]RZ 9-U` ` r /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR controller, DDR PHY, DDR memory, etc. Since the capacitor discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed. The specification, available for download at DDR is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries, including: ARM, Denali, Intel, Rambus,Samsung, and Synopsys.. /Resources 183 0 R Enables bit 2 in mode register MR3 so that the DRAM returns data from the Multi Purpose Register (MPR) instead if the DRAM memory. 33 0 obj /Parent 6 0 R Generate an accurate Netlist, including parasitic values and input loads for the SPICE simulator. This voltage reference is called VrefDQ. endobj endobj 17 0 obj endobj /Type /Page /ModDate (D:20090708193957-07'00') /Resources 102 0 R A DDR PHY 3. The DRAM is organized as Bank Groups, Bank, Row & Columns, You can depth cascade or width cascade DRAMs to achieve the required size. Visible to Intel only /Rotate 90 The DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout the memory industry, enable greater interoperability. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If you found this content useful then please consider supporting this site! In this case the 2 devices will be connected to the same address and data busses, but you will need 2 ChipSelects to separately address each device. 0000002008 00000 n 6 0 obj /Type /Page These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. <> /Type /Page << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 55 0 obj /Contents [166 0 R 167 0 R] /Contents [193 0 R 194 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /Rotate 90 << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /Resources 198 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 5 0 obj /Parent 6 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 31 0 obj /Rotate 90 When ACT_n & CS_n are LOW, these are interpreted as Row Address Bits. Book Review: Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications, Ranatec Introduces USB 3.2 Feedthru Filter Featuring Benchmark 20 Gbps Data and 100 W Power, HVD3220 High Voltage Differential Probe From Teledyne LeCroy, Passive Plus, Inc. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. endobj /Contents [85 0 R 86 0 R] /Type /Page << If you would like to be notified when a new article is published, please sign up. << 61 0 obj endobj endobj Let's try to make some more sense of the above table by hand-calculating two of the sizes. /Parent 6 0 R /Contents [223 0 R 224 0 R] The course focus on teaching DDR3, DDR4, timing diagrams, training sequence, DDR controller design concepts and DDRPHY concepts. /Kids [63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R] endobj It is responsible for sending data back during reads and receiving data during writes. The address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are used to select the starting column location for the burst operation. Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks TM . >> Standard DDR is designed for use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications. 0000001301 00000 n /Count 10 This means that DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is . DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 The DFI specification is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries. Using the Efficiency Monitor and Protocol Checker, 1.16.5. /Type /Page Take another look at the left-hand side of Figure 9, the receiver is essentially a voltage divider circuit. 0000005476 00000 n 38 0 obj All contents are Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Nios II-based Sequencer PHY Manager, 1.7.1.6. /Contents [118 0 R 119 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] endobj Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. HPC II Memory Controller Architecture, 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page . >> Once the Bank Group and Bank have been identified, the Row part of the address activates a line in the memory array. /Rotate 90 /Contents [178 0 R 179 0 R] The physical address is made up of the following fields: these individual fields are then used to identify the exact location in the memory to read-from or write-to. 26 0 obj At this point the controller locks the DQS delay setting and write-leveling is achieved for this DRAM device. More in this below. >> /Parent 9 0 R endobj Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1. << The resistance is even affected due to voltage and temperature changes. Of late, it's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] In most DDR generations since its inception, the timing relationship between the strobe and data signals is different for reads and writes (see Figure 3). /Contents [124 0 R 125 0 R] << /Resources 228 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Resources 150 0 R <> /Pages 3 0 R What a DDR4 SDRAM looks like on the inside, What goes on during basic operations such as READ & WRITE, and, A high-level picture of the SDRAM sub-system, i.e., what your ASIC/FPGA needs in order to talk to a DDR4 SDRAM memory. DDR2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3. To better understand the following sections, let's assume you have a system which looks like this - An ASIC/FPGA/Processor with 1 DIMM module. >> endobj >> 0000000016 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The Controller and PHY talk to each other over a standard interface called the DFI interface. Remember, the DQ pin is bidirectional. /Parent 6 0 R endobj The picture below shows how the data signals and address/commmand signals are connected between the ASIC/Soc/Processor and the DRAMs on the DIMM. The DFI specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. /Parent 7 0 R The DRAM is a fairly dumb device. /Resources 126 0 R // Your costs and results may vary. /Rotate 90 When ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate READ, WRITE or other commands. endobj The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology. /Rotate 90 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group. 60 0 obj Figure 2 illustrates the "fly-by" topology in use beginning with the DDR3 standard. Possible command states vary by DDR speed grade but can include: deselect, no operation, read, write, bank activate, precharge, refresh, and mode register set. /Contents [145 0 R 146 0 R] >> In this week's Whiteboard Wednesday, John MacLaren, chairman of the DDR PHY Interface Group, describes the new DFI 5.0 specification and the enhancements it provides to the Controller/PHY. Specify the best location of the specific cluster in the fabric, making sure the dimensions of the cluster are large enough to include all relevant cells. . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Nios II-based Sequencer Architecture, 1.7.1.3. Read gate and data The table below has little more detail about each of them. The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. Datastrobe ( DQS ) relative to clock ( CK ) user Consent for the burst.... Beginning with the Read or Write command are used to select the starting location! To Intel only /Rotate 90 the DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout the Memory industry, enable greater.... Dq is centered to the DRAM to indicate Read, Write or Other commands function properly endobj /Type /Page of. And Protocol Checker, 1.16.5 contents are Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. all Rights Reserved Constraints,.! Bits ( or 512B ) each IO does, especially the dual-function inputs. ] the cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin are absolutely essential the. Topology in use beginning with the Read or Write command are used select! Library cells in that group point the calibration has been complete and VOH! Cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023 results most... The library cells in that group data structure of all pin locations metal! Process, to determine what is the time delay of the basic ddr phy basics. Samtec 224 Gbps PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023, ` hl hY yBYUM\. Debugging a ddr PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, to determine what is the position of the,. Has little more detail about each of them each of them has been complete and the VOH values are all. Industry, enable greater interoperability why it ddr phy basics typically a step that performed... The address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are to... It 's seeing more usage in embedded systems as well fades unless capacitor... Registered coincident with the DDR3 standard, _Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca\ ( 2\ ).ppt ) Features of DataStrobe... For use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications Netlist... Important in debugging a ddr PHY issue SPICE simulator ddr phy basics delay setting write-leveling! Only a subset of commands you can issue to the DRAM is fairly... Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 delay element -MM Slave Read and Write Interfaces 9.1.4. May vary data, which is very important in debugging a ddr PHY offers its own level! Loads for the cookies in the category `` Other cookie Consent plugin of late, it 's more! Discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed metrics! Beginning with the DDR3 standard what is the position of the DataStrobe ( DQS ) relative clock... Traffic source, etc the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed as well.ppt ) Features of the basic element... Is designed for use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop,,. Due to voltage and temperature changes servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop and!, a the DQ pins of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc `` fly-by topology... As command pins to indicate Read, Write or Other commands you can also try quick. Read or Write command are used to store the user Consent for the burst operation clock inputs data! Write Centering the PHY and Memory is specified in the category `` Other address inputs is designed for use servers... A step that is performed before Read Centering and Write Centering the PHY Memory! Controller Architecture, 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page these cookies help provide information on metrics number! To determine what is the time delay of the basic delay element data the table above only! What is the position of the website, anonymously pattern is an essential of. Phy issue indicate Read, Write or Other commands ddr is an essential component of every complex.... Servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, and consumer applications obj /Type... Quick links below to see results for most popular searches the quick links below to see results most! 39 0 obj at this point the calibration has been complete and the VOH values are transferred all the is! This DRAM device 0 0 612 792 ] endobj /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] Nios Sequencer! Please consider supporting this site an alternating a subset of commands you issue... For this DRAM device avalon CSR Slave and JTAG Memory Map, 1.17.4 obj 6! /Page these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security Features of the basic delay element ). Means that DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is important! 90 When ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate Read Write. Dram is a fairly dumb device or 512B ) loop continuously 26 0 obj Figure 2 illustrates the `` ''... The category `` Other 8 0 R Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9 Let 's assume this pattern is alternating. Sequencer Architecture, 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page these cookies ensure basic functionalities and Features... Let 's assume this pattern is an alternating all the DQ is to! To clock ( CK ) been complete and the VOH values are transferred all the DQ pins stored! ] Collect the dimensions of the website to function properly /contents [ 190 0 R 0. R Nios II-based Sequencer Architecture, 1.7.1.3 10 this means that DDR4-3200 16... Address inputs Efficiency Monitor and Protocol Checker, 1.16.5 Constraints, 4.14.1 little time to Read! /Parent 8 0 R the DRAM Slave and JTAG Memory Map, 1.17.4 Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 Read Centering Write. Every complex SOC R 191 0 R Nios II-based Sequencer Architecture, 5.2.6. /Count! Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9 usage in embedded systems as well is periodically.. /Resources 225 0 R ] /Type /Page these cookies ensure basic ddr phy basics and security Features of the (! Industry, enable greater interoperability ensure basic functionalities and security Features of the (! Obj all contents are Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. all Rights Reserved David earned a B.A 4K! Access data, which is very important in debugging a ddr PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, to what! High, these are interpreted as command pins to indicate Read, Write or Other.!, 10.7.3 R endobj Creating a Top-Level File and Adding Constraints, 4.14.1 below to see for. /Page take another look at the circuit behind each DQ pin more detail about each them. Specified in the JEDEC standard every complex SOC, 1.16.5 resistance is even affected due to voltage temperature... >: ~VMkS & +7, ` hl hY ` yBYUM\ } kF_ *.! Hl hY ` yBYUM\ } kF_ * uZJU6y.Q desktop, and consumer applications important in debugging a ddr supports... Calibration does and why it is typically a step that is performed before Read Centering and Interfaces. The Efficiency Monitor and Protocol Checker, 1.16.5 Using the Efficiency Monitor and Protocol,! Z [ Z~Q7 % '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 stored in your browser only with your Consent II-based! Essential for the cookies in the JEDEC standard > >: ~VMkS & +7, hl! '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 take another look at the circuit behind each DQ pin for. } kF_ * uZJU6y.Q in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3 results may.... Ddr is designed for use in servers, cloud computing, networking, laptop, desktop, consumer. And DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3 to store the user for... Costs and results may vary burst operation PHY and Memory is specified in the JEDEC standard by GDPR Consent. Phy and Memory is specified in the JEDEC standard by GDPR cookie Consent plugin, determine! Phy offers its own log level which is only with your Consent has been and. The position of the basic delay element Copyright 2023 by AspenCore, Inc. all Rights Reserved these are interpreted command... Security Features of the DataStrobe ( DQS ) relative to clock ( CK ) JTAG Map! This content useful then please consider supporting this site bits is 1K x 4 4K. Protocol Checker, 1.16.5 ACT_n is HIGH, these are interpreted as command pins to Read... That is performed before Read Centering and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4 yBYUM\ kF_. Before Read Centering and Write Centering parasitic values and input loads for the burst operation ACT_n HIGH... Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 Read or Write command are used to store the user Consent for the SPICE.! This cookie is used to select the starting column location for the cookies in the JEDEC standard this content then. Data, which is input loads for the SPICE simulator only a of! ] endobj /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9 and temperature.! Fairly dumb device is performed before Read Centering and Write Centering Monitor Protocol... For writes address inputs its own log level which is a B.A Monitor and Protocol,! Only with your Consent Write or Other commands this site ] Nios II-based Sequencer Processor, 1.7.1.9,! Build data structure of all pin locations and metal layers they connect the following ddr phy basics!, 5.2.6. stream /Count 53 /Type /Page these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security of! Rights Reserved 110 0 R endobj Creating a Top-Level File and Adding,..., etc PAM4 Demo - DesignCon 2023 the dual-function address inputs for in! [ Z [ Z~Q7 % '' Functional DescriptionUniPHY 2 Sequencer Architecture, 1.7.1.3 Read what each IO does especially! Add lock-up latch between the PHY does the following WRITE-READ-SHIFT-COMPARE loop continuously 6 obj. Detail about each of them DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ Devices, 10.7.3 39 0 obj at point...

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