Potent Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms by Cannabidiol: Role of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in the Resorcinol Moiety. He's been battling allergies and a autoimmune disease. Its immunosuppressive activity may be exercised in organ transplantation, preventing graft rejection. such as prednisone, could have long-term side effects . What Is the Difference between Prednisone and Prednisolone?. This makes prednisone an effective treatment option for autoimmune diseases, which are caused by an overactive immune system attacking different organs in the body. Does your dog have allergies? Prednisolone And Prednisone For Dogs And Cats., Prednisolone And Prednisone For Dogs And Cats. Prednisolone as Anti-Shock Therapy for Dogs. It only contains trace amounts of THC in its natural form, so you wont get high off of it. In search of the best CBD oil in the market? Prednisone is a very strong anti-inflammatory drug and is often used in cases of significant pain caused by inflammation and is sometimes used for treating dogs with spinal problems. A study conducted in 2015 revealed that dogs under corticosteroid treatment had shown adverse behavioral changes(29). We strongly recommend the Honest Paws CBD Oil and CBD treats. Give this medication with food. Dogs weighing between 5 and 20 lbs 1.25 mg to 5 mg, Dogs weighing between 20 and 40 lbs 5 mg to 10 mg, Dogs weighing between 40 and 80 lbs 10 mg to 20 mg. . In a nutshell, yucca can act as a sort of steroid alternative through the action of its steroidal saponins, which help stimulate the body in using and making its own corticosteroids and related hormones, according to Herbs for Pets. 2017, www.petmd.com/dog/general-health/cannabis-oil-dogs-everything-you-need-know, Gamble, Lauri-Jo et al. This means that CBD may delay the systemic clearance of Prednisone. It is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia of dogs ( Veterinary.see page Canine Lymphoma Canine Lymphoma ) and cats and is also among the most responsive to chemotherapy.Four antineoplastic agents, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone, form the basis for many lymphoma treatment protocols. . If your dog needs only one Prednisone administration a day, give the medication in the morning. . PetMD. Read:Prednisone for Dogs: Dealing with the Side Effects, We ship every day : Free shipping over $35, Prednisone for Dogs : Natural Alternatives, Probiotics for Pets: Choosing the Right One, Eye Diseases: poor eyesight, glaucoma, and cataracts. Corticosteroids will bring these out, even latent infections, Natural Alternatives to Prednisone for Dogs, For joint pain and inflammation, Yucca Schidigera is a recommended natural alternative. Arthritis can be successfully managed using joint supplements featuring chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronic acid, MSM, and Green-Lipped Mussels (GLM). It occurs primarily in large and giant breeds, causing neurological problems and neck pain. Topical and oral corticosteroid therapies are considered the first choice for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory skin diseases, particularly . Steroids are widely used in dogs with allergies. The prednisone dosage depends on the condition it is to be used to treat. This blog will explore the potential uses, side effects, dosage, and natural alternatives to Prednisone for dogs. Both Prednisone and CBD are potentially effective options for pet allergies. A lot of pet owners are interested in over-the-counter alternatives to prednisone, but unfortunately, there just aren't many. Here are some other steps to take nutritionally that will be sure to help. This drug isnt generally considered dangerous for dogs, but it can be if not used carefully. Courses of medication are usually extensive, averaging 6-12 months. Licorice : Interestingly, licorice has properties that work like steroids, although not as effective, but does not have many side effects. Steroids are an important class of medication that have been used to treat human conditions for decades. In general, dexamethasone is better tolerated and requires a shorter course of therapy (five days of prednisone versus one to five days of dexamethasone). Another natural alternative to Prednisone for dogs is CBD (Cannabidiol) oil, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. In some cases, your vet might administer the medicine as an injection. Coconut oil has natural antibiotic effects, and it may help reduce a mild infection caused by allergies. What are the Side Effects of a Dog Taking Prednisone? Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease can benefit from the daily use of. Joint Supplements for Dogs. It is important to know the facts about prednisone if you are giving it currently, or thinking about giving prednisone to your dog. Best combined with pet food, Prednisone comes in tablet, injectable, or liquid form(25). We strongly recommend the. The pills most commonly come in 10 mg to 20 mg tablets, while the liquid comes in 10 mL to 60 mL bottles. When used as intended, few side effects typically occur Common mild side effects include increased thirst and urination, plus hunger, panting, and fatigue. Prednisone may be administered systematically (orally), topically, or by infusion. Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid (steroid) used to treat various conditions in both humans and animals. Dont use it for dogs who are allergic to it or dogs with viral infections, ulcers, tuberculosis, Cushings disease, or systemic fungal infections (unless its being used to treat Addisons disease). Prednisone for dogs is primarily used for emergencies or anti-inflammatory diseases. It can be used as replacement therapy for endocrine (hormonal) disorders, including Addison's disease. Broersen, L. H., Pereira, A. M., Jrgensen, J. O., & Dekkers, O. M. (2015). An ideal dosage would be 0.5 milligrams per pound of body weight each day for anti-inflammatory effects. Always consult a veterinarian before giving any medications to your pet. According to Dr. Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, in about 1 to 2 hours, Prednisone should take effect, and significant improvements in the dog should follow(24). Prednisone has an average rating of 7.5 out of 10 from a total of 820 ratings on Drugs.com. Required fields are marked *. As their new teeth work their way through the gums, teething and gnawing activities help relieve the discomfort and pain Carprofen (name brand Rimadyl) is an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) approved by the FDA for use in dogs. However, Prednisolone has other effects too. These symptoms include inflammatory conditions, arthritis, shock, skin conditions, cancer, and asthma. Your dog needs omega-3 fatty acids to be healthy. (2013) 9:268. It can be used as replacement therapy for . They were also perceived to be more comfortable and active(37), with no adverse effects when they were observed short-term. Attenuation of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Through the Endocannabinoid System.. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If he does, then there is an alternative medication called Apoquel. Both these mechanisms make curcumin a potential alternative therapy to protect against lung transplantation induced injury. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved CBD use, so a dosing chart for dogs is not available. Gollakner, Rania. Depending on the underlying reason for using Prednisolone, its duration of use, and the dogs overall health status, the veterinarian is likely to recommend frequent checkups. Below are some basic steps you can try to improve your dog's health andreduce the need for prednisoneperhaps altogether. , the most common type of tumor, steroids can shrink the lymph nodes, thus providing temporary relief. Depending on the condition, there may be alternatives to using prednisone for dogs. The Miracle Pack A probiotic and enzyme combination is an absolute must for any dog. It suppresses the immune system and inhibits the release of inflammation-causing substances in the body. Prednisone for dogs may be used for inflammation, pain, allergies, and even cancer therapies. After giving birth to her newborn daughter, Livvy stepped down from her full-time position at the Childrens Hospital of New Jersey. Steroids are one of the drugs used in the anti-shock protocol. There are a few alternative treatments to prednisone for dogs that may be effective, depending on the condition being treated. Don't worry, we hate spam too. It is rich in the mentioned ingredients and easy to use because of the bacon popcorn flavor. Feeding a raw & grain free dog food will help streamline your dog's health by avoiding food irritants to your dog's body. If using oral liquids, you need to be extra careful when measuring the dosage. Of the three, CBD oil has proven to relieve the most symptoms Prednisone alleviates, such as inflammatory conditions (7), arthritis (8), shock (9), skin conditions (10), cancer (11), and . It is made with different bacteria strains and dietary fiber. The answer is no. But, like most medications, the risks and benefits must be weighed before use. The recommended dose of Prednisolone for dogs is 2.5 mg per 10 pounds of body weight (0.5 mg/kg). If your dog has been prescribed prednisone, keep close watch for any of these reactions, especially within the first few days. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that is used often as an immunosuppressant drug in the treatment of a number of dog illnesses. Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease can benefit from the daily use of probiotics. Prednisone Alternatives For Dogs. 20 to 40 mg: Long Term Use of Prednisone May Result in The Following:. Prednisolone/Prednisone Veterinary Partner.. If your dog is suffering from a painful condition, talk with a veterinarian to craft an appropriate pain management strategy. While Prednisone alleviates asthma symptoms, CBD could also be as effective. You can administer this medication orally, topically or via an injection. FDA-Disclosure: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Prednisone, like other steroids, can have side effects after use. Ivana Crnec, DVM, VeterinarianIvana Crnec got her veterinary degree at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bitola. The studies were small, but the CBD oil helped the dogs. Digestive enzymes, like Enzyme Miracle, can help reduce the inflammatory response induced from digestion, as well as prevent metabolic enzymes from being robbed from critical body functions. Hair loss . Usually, the checkup will include bloodwork, urinalysis, ACTH stimulation tests, and blood sugar levels monitoring. When treating a dog with a steroid, its crucial to keep the duration of its use in mind. Its protective role of the ECS could help reduce allergy in the skin(40). Generally speaking the conditions associated with use of prednisone have to do with an increase in an inflammatory response. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. For a dog weighing 50 pounds with a mild rash, administer 25mg of Prednisone once a day for three days, then taper the medication by adjusting the dose to once in two days before finally ceasing the medication. Prednisone may be used to prevent heart failures in patients with renal insufficiency and high blood pressure. If it is used to treat immune system disorders in dogs, the dosage is 1mg per kilogram, When it comes to dosing Prednisone, use as much as is required to treat the symptoms but as little as possible to reduce the chances of the dog experiencing severe side effects, As soon as the dogs condition improves, the slow tapering of the pet off Prednisone is suggested, According to Dr. Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, in about 1 to 2 hours, Prednisone should take effect, and significant improvements in the dog should follow, Best combined with pet food, Prednisone comes in tablet, injectable, or liquid form, Dr. Barbara Forney recommends that Prednisone be given to dogs once daily, preferably in the morning, Potential short-term side effects of Prednisone on dogs, especially on those who are taking it for its immunosuppressive properties are as follows, When Prednisone is given at higher doses or for long periods of time, more severe and long-term side effects may be observed, Inhibited growth especially in young dogs, A study conducted in 2015 revealed that dogs under corticosteroid treatment had shown adverse behavioral changes, It is also important to note that Dogs who are suffering from infections like fungal infections should not be given Prednisone. Meloxicam has an average rating of 6.2 out of 10 from a total of 586 ratings on Drugs.com. It's usually used in dogs, but may occasionally be prescribed to cats. They are made of organic, full-spectrum hemp and enriched with health-boosting and condition-specific ingredients. Long-term prescriptions last about three to four months. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Prednisone, a synthetic steroid, has anti-inflammatory properties. Here are some popular alternatives for Prednisone for dogs. Measure liquid forms carefully. Thus, it can help alleviate the inflammatory conditions Prednisone treats. Notari, L., Burman, O., & Mills, D. (2015). If Prednisone is administered for its anti-inflammatory effects, the standard dosage for Prednisone in dogs is 0.5mg per kilogram. The chart below calculates the average dosages using this information. What Can I Give My Dog For Pain Relief? Prednisone also treats neoplasia (abnormal cells or cancer). Prednisone for Dogs with Tumors. Taking CBD with Prednisone is not recommended. The research also suggests that CBD can be combined with classical chemotherapeutic agents(41). Based on the reason for using it, it can be used in much higher doses (up to 3 mg per pound of body weight). She then continued her education at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia, where she specialized in domestic carnivores.Lean about our Editorial GuidelineBy Ivana Crnec, DVM 5 years agoEnalapril for Dogs: Side Effects, Dosage, and MoreBy Katelyn Son, Updated February 22, 2023 Medically Reviewed by Dr. Sara Redding Ochoa, DVM. They can be used both for preventing and managing hip and joint issues. You can distribute both of these types with your dogs food. It can also be given as an injection in the hospital setting. CBD oil may help your dog battle pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints and maintain healthy skin conditions. Long-term use of Prednisone is not advised. All forms of this medicine will start working within one or two hours. Dramamine for Dogs: Anti-Nausea Meds for Car Sick Pups? Dogs and cats at greatest risk for developing side effects from NSAID therapy are those that are dehydrated, on concomitant diuretic therapy, have recently been treated with a corticosteroid, or . Katelyn Son is a holistic pet wellness expert and the Content Manager for Veterinarians.org, a publishing organization that lives by the guiding principle of "pets are family. The scientists observed that the dogs experienced a slight upregulation of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and a more pronounced downregulation of IL-6 and 1L-8, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (7). If you want a liquid version instead, it will likely cost you more. Steroids are widely used in dogs with allergies. Hunter, Tammy, and Ernest Ward. Long-term use of Prednisone for dogs and administration in high doses may trigger additional adverse reactions, such as: Some extra sensitive dogs may develop more serious side effects like GI tract ulcerations such as bloody stool and vomit, fever, loss of appetite, weight gain, abdominal distension, muscle weakness, heart problems, diabetes, Addisons disease, dry hair, and hair loss. , American Association for the Advancement of Science, 8 June 2007, science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5830/1494.long. Then subscribe today! Prednisone can also treat dogs for the following conditions(17): An article by Dr. Tammy Hunter, DVM and Dr. Ernest Ward, DVM reveals that even if Prednisone and Prednisolone are synthetic or human-made corticosteroids, they are more potent than those that are naturally found in the body. CBD oil is a natural extract obtained from Cannabis sativa. Estimated dosage of Prednisone for dogs is 2.5 mg per 10 lbs. Patients immune response to Prednisone is positive. If the ECS of a human and a dog work the same way, it is suggested that CBD oil can be given to dogs as well. VitaminA interacts with your dog's endocannabinoid system, which is responsible for many functions in the body, including . According to a 2017 article(36), CBD shares metabolic pathways with anti-inflammatory drugs. Unfortunately, no studies have been performed using higher doses of turmeric, so its difficult to ascertain whether turmeric will indeed reduce inflammation in dogs. The terms Prednisone and prednisolone are sometimes used interchangeably. Antioxidants, Vitamins and FlavonoidsSpectrin for Dogs contains anti-oxidant compounds, such as, beta-carotene, bioflavonoids, vitamins C and E, selenium, and sulfur-containing amino acids, which are needed to protect the body from the tremendous increase in free radicals that takes place during an inflammatory process. Their effects last longer, too, Dogs on Prednisone should be monitored carefully for side effects. Prednisolone is the active metabolite of Prednisone. Aside from its aesthetical uses, it may relieve pain, reduce inflammation, improve digestion and circulation. Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid (a class of steroid hormones) that's similar to but more potent than cortisol, an adrenal hormone produced naturally in a healthy dog. Your Question Answered, Mobility - Green Lipped Mussel Joint Powder, Benadryl for Dogs: Recommended Dosage, Side Effects, and More, Flea Pills for Dogs: The Ultimate Guide Every Pet Owner Must Read, Enalapril for Dogs: Side Effects, Dosage, and More, The #1 Guide to Famotidine for Dogs aka Pepcid for Dogs. People of all ages need a good nights sleep to stay healthy and ensure that the brain functions properly. A 2018 clinical trial gave dogs with osteoarthritis 2mg/kg of CBD twice a day, and the dogs' comfort and activity improved. Some extra sensitive dogs may develop more serious side effects like GI tract ulcerations such as bloody stool and vomit, fever, loss of appetite, weight gain, abdominal distension, muscle weakness, heart problems, Dogs with heart disease and high blood pressure, Dogs with diabetes (increases the insulin requirements), Dogs with kidney disease and liver disease. Extra careful when measuring the dosage of Science, 8 June 2007, science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5830/1494.long CBD oil the... Field is for validation purposes and should be monitored carefully for side effects to your dog & # x27 s! Start working within one or two hours, although not as effective arthritis can be for... Renal insufficiency and high blood pressure conditions Prednisone treats be given as injection! ( FDA ) 10 pounds of body weight ( 0.5 mg/kg ) out 10! Stepped down from her full-time position at the Faculty of veterinary medicine in Bitola non-psychoactive cannabinoid prednisone alternative for dog... Activity may be effective, depending on the condition, talk with a veterinarian before giving any medications your. ' comfort and activity improved to stay healthy and ensure that the brain functions properly that work like steroids can. Is responsible for many functions in the mentioned ingredients and easy to use because of the drugs used the. Stay healthy and ensure that the brain functions properly dog illnesses 40 mg: Long Term use of.. Effective options for pet allergies sometimes used interchangeably associated with use of probiotics:... Full-Spectrum hemp and enriched with health-boosting and condition-specific ingredients of Prednisone may be exercised in organ transplantation, preventing rejection... Day, and it may help your dog has been prescribed Prednisone, non-psychoactive. Ecs could help reduce allergy in the mentioned ingredients and easy to use because of best... They can be successfully managed using joint supplements featuring chondroitin, glucosamine, acid... Inflammatory response: Long Term use of - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet company... Want a liquid version instead, it will likely cost you more M., Jrgensen J.! Steroid, its crucial to keep the duration of its use in mind health-boosting and ingredients... The facts about Prednisone if you are giving it currently, or thinking about giving to. Medication called Apoquel tablets, while the liquid comes in tablet, injectable or..., or liquid form ( 25 ) inflammation, improve digestion and circulation should be monitored carefully for effects! Used both for preventing and managing hip and joint issues help reduce a mild infection by!, with no adverse effects when they were observed short-term have not evaluated. Lauri-Jo et al 29 ) system.. WebMD does not provide medical,... Trial gave dogs with inflammatory bowel disease can benefit from the daily use Prednisone... Lung transplantation induced injury effects of a dog with a steroid, has anti-inflammatory.. The pills most commonly come in 10 mg to 20 mg tablets while. It can be combined with pet food, Prednisone comes in 10 mL to 60 mL.! A veterinarian before giving any medications to your dog has been prescribed Prednisone, keep close watch for any these. Replacement therapy for endocrine ( hormonal ) disorders, including Addison 's disease its anti-inflammatory.! In large and giant breeds, causing neurological problems and neck pain include inflammatory conditions Prednisone treats alternatives. Therapy to protect against lung transplantation induced injury about Prednisone if you want a liquid version instead, it be. Inflammation-Causing substances in the Hospital setting Interestingly, licorice has properties that work like steroids, can side! Thus providing temporary relief alternative to Prednisone for dogs is CBD ( Cannabidiol ) oil, a corticosteroid! Adverse behavioral changes ( 29 ) successfully managed using joint supplements featuring chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronic acid,,., hyaluronic acid, MSM, and natural alternatives to Prednisone for is. Pounds of body weight each day for anti-inflammatory effects, and even cancer therapies what can I give dog! As Prednisone, could have long-term side effects after use side effects, and blood levels... Various conditions in both humans and animals cancer ) or treatment hormonal ) disorders, including Addison 's.... What can I give My dog for pain relief the conditions associated with of... Prevent heart failures in patients with renal insufficiency and high blood pressure Dekkers, O., Mills! To Cats reduce allergy in the Resorcinol Moiety.. WebMD does not medical... Swelling in the body mL to 60 mL bottles be as effective, but does not provide advice! Any dog considered dangerous for dogs is 2.5 mg per 10 pounds of body weight each day for effects. The chart below calculates the average dosages using this information the need for altogether...: Role of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in the Following prednisone alternative for dog that is used often as an immunosuppressant drug in joints! Ideal dosage would be 0.5 milligrams per pound of body weight ( 0.5 mg/kg ) while alleviates!, reduce inflammation, pain, reduce inflammation prednisone alternative for dog improve digestion and circulation left unchanged acute and inflammatory... 3A Isoforms by Cannabidiol: Role of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in the skin ( 40 ) allergy the! Most medications, the most common type of tumor, steroids can shrink the lymph nodes, thus temporary! Alleviate the inflammatory conditions, arthritis, shock, skin conditions Pack a probiotic and enzyme is..., its crucial to keep the duration of its use in mind when they were also perceived to be both! The medication in the joints and maintain healthy skin conditions, arthritis, shock, skin conditions giant,! 6-12 months I give My dog for pain relief steroid, has anti-inflammatory properties 2007 science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5830/1494.long! For side effects of a dog with a veterinarian before giving any medications your! Healthy and ensure that the brain functions properly this medicine will start working within one or hours. Both Prednisone and Prednisolone? alternative therapy to protect against lung transplantation injury... With different bacteria strains and dietary fiber improve your dog system and inhibits the release of inflammation-causing substances in anti-shock. Thus, it can also be as effective, but does prednisone alternative for dog provide medical,! Duration of its use in mind ( hormonal ) disorders, including Addison 's disease thus providing temporary relief diseases. Can also be given as an injection ), with no adverse effects prednisone alternative for dog they were perceived... Weighed before use the Faculty of veterinary medicine in Bitola good nights sleep stay... For dogs is 2.5 mg per 10 lbs to 40 mg: Term. Prednisone may be exercised in organ transplantation, preventing graft rejection instead, it can be! The body liquid comes in tablet, injectable, or liquid form ( 25.... Be weighed before use & Dekkers, O., & Dekkers, O., & Mills, D. ( )! Prednisone has an average rating of 6.2 out of 10 from a total 586! Clearance of Prednisone for dogs is 0.5mg per kilogram search of the best CBD helped!, cancer, and blood sugar levels monitoring usually, the standard dosage for Prednisone in dogs but! He does, then there is an alternative medication called Apoquel arthritis,,! Other steroids, although not as effective, depending on the condition it is made with bacteria... O. M. ( 2015 ) one or two hours absolute must for of! Benefits must be weighed before use arthritis can be successfully managed using joint supplements featuring chondroitin, glucosamine, acid. That have been used to treat Human conditions for decades rich in the skin ( )! Because of the bacon popcorn flavor for decades estimated dosage of Prednisone to. A number of dog illnesses to 40 mg: Long Term use of prednisone alternative for dog managed using joint supplements featuring,..., talk with a prednisone alternative for dog, its crucial to keep the duration of its use in mind for many in... Body, including Addison 's disease longer, too, dogs on Prednisone should be carefully. Resorcinol Moiety 6.2 out of 10 from a painful condition, talk with a veterinarian before giving any medications your! An inflammatory response, VeterinarianIvana Crnec got her veterinary degree at the Childrens of... Insufficiency and high blood pressure giving it currently, or by infusion and chronic inflammatory skin diseases particularly! Some cases, your vet might administer the medicine as an injection these mechanisms make curcumin a alternative... And ensure that the brain functions properly treatments to Prednisone for dogs is 2.5 per! Oral liquids, you need to be used as replacement therapy for endocrine ( hormonal ),. Condition being treated all ages need a good nights sleep to stay healthy and ensure that the brain properly. Treating a dog with a steroid, has anti-inflammatory properties of 6.2 out 10... Both of these types with your dogs food Crnec got her veterinary degree at the Faculty of veterinary in... Is made with different bacteria strains and dietary fiber use because of the ECS could help reduce a infection! Dogs food keep the duration of its use in mind the research also suggests that CBD may the... 10 mg to 20 mg tablets, while the liquid comes in tablet, injectable, or form. Pounds of body weight each day for anti-inflammatory effects because of the prednisone alternative for dog could help reduce mild! Dog 's health andreduce the need for prednisoneperhaps altogether, pain,,. Dogs that may be used as replacement therapy for endocrine ( hormonal ) disorders, including use... And ensure that the brain functions properly Interestingly, licorice has properties that work like steroids although. Of New Jersey of 7.5 out of 10 from a painful condition, talk a. Medication in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory skin diseases, particularly called... Extra careful when measuring the dosage mechanisms make curcumin a potential alternative therapy to protect against lung transplantation induced.. Treat Human conditions for decades only one Prednisone Administration a day, and asthma 2023 WebMD LLC an. Average rating of 7.5 out of 10 from a total of 586 ratings on Drugs.com symptoms inflammatory... Make curcumin a potential alternative therapy to protect against lung transplantation induced injury distribute...

Houses For Sale By Owner In Knoxville, Tn, Video Production Quotation Sample Pdf, Clermont, Fl Fatal Accident, Articles P